Rolled homogeneous armor - Although it can be cast into complete shapes, such as vehicle turrets, amour is usually produced in the form of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA). 12 The tempering process used after the heat treatment gives the armour a uniform microstructure, hence the ‘homogeneous’ designation. 9 An alternative to RHA is …

 
etrators hit consecutively at the same point on the armour. The impact angle of 15 was adjudged to be the most vulnerable and that the 200 mm B 4C-reinforced 300 mm rolled homogeneous armour was the most successful under all test conditions. Keywords Boron carbide (B 4C) Terminal ballistics Behind-armour debris Kinetic …. Funny history facts

An Analysis of Parameters for the Johnson-Cook Strength Model for 2- in-Thick Rolled Homogeneous Armor. Technical Report ARL-TR-2528, U.S. Army …The modern army is a very heavy user of steel as a protection material, particularly in the form of rolled homogeneous armor steel, also known as rolled homogeneous armor (RHA). The substitution of lighter (nonferrous) metals for steel has always been of interest to armies, and such substitution became increasingly important in …rolled Homogeneous Armour steel (spAde steel) Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) steel (Table 1) has remained the standard armour world over on most of the tanks. Its low cost, reliability, availability of production infrastructure, concurrent utility as a structural material and its ease of fabrication have enabled this steel to hold ...Current allied battlefield equipment armor is based upon rolled homogeneous armor technology. This is composed of a tempered martensitic/bainitic …Defense Technical Information Center General Info About MIL-A-12560. MIL-A-12560 high strength armor plate is specified by the Material Technology Laboratory, Department of the Army, and is available to all departments and agencies of the Department of Defense (DOD). MIL-A-12560 is a rolled homogenous armor (RHA) specialty plate and is designed for applications that require ... E. Roecker and C. Grabarek, The Effect of Yaw and Pitch on Long Rod Penetration into Rolled Homogeneous Armor at Various Obliquities, Proc. 9 th Int. Symp. Ballistics, (1986) ... T. F. Adams and E. J. Chapyak, Armor penetration by projectile with combined obliquity and yaw, Int. J. Impact Eng., (1990) 10 81–92. Article Google ScholarRolled armor steel such as DEF STAN 95-24 and MIL-DTL 1260K has continued to be the major armor material for a number of ballistic applications [4]. ... RHA is referred to as homogeneous armor because its composition and structure is uniform throughout its thickness [7, 8]. On the other hand, homogeneous steel …Rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plate subjected to blast loading is a complex problem involving the nonlinear fluid-structure interaction. The numerical techniques using the spatial discretization ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... Rolled homogeneous armor for vehicles. Armox® 370T Class 1 is a rolled homogeneous armor plate (RHA) that combines good resistance to penetration with excellent toughness. Benefits of Armox® 370T Class 1 include: Market-leading steel protection. Superior workshop properties. Dec 25, 2021 ... In tests however the welded (rolled) german armor was quite better ... Yes, RHA was slightly more effective than Cast Homogeneous Armor....Contents What metal are military tanks made of? Military tanks are primarily made of high-strength steel, specifically an alloy known as rolled homogeneous armor (RHA). 1. What other materials are used in tank construction? In addition to RHA, tanks may also incorporate composite materials, ceramics, …Rolled Homogeneous Armor at a Strain Rate of 0.42 s-.," Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum Report 2760, June 1977. (AD #A041560) 1 OG. E. Hauver, "The Alpha-Phase Hugoniot of Rolled Homogeneous Armor," Ballistic Research Laboratories Memorandum Report 2651, August 1976. (AD #BO12871L) 6 Product name:Rolled Homogenous Armor Steel Plate,Ballistic steel plate,Bulletproof steel plate, Bullet proof steel plate. Application:armored personnel carriers, combat vehicles, submarines, landing craft , Anti-smuggling boats, helicopters. Size:1200×3000mm,1500×6000mm,2000×6050mm, 2000×8050mm, or Customized. Armor steel with excellent bendability. Armox® 370T Class 2 is a rolled homogeneous armor plate (RHA) that combines good resistance to penetration with excellent toughness. Benefits of Armox® 370T Class 2 include: Market-leading steel protection. Superior workshop properties.The modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield and ultimate tensile strength at 22 C are reported for 1/2, 1 1/2, and 4-inch thick rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plate. Specimens were taken at 3 …RHA. RHA is an acronym that may refer to: Rolled homogeneous armour. Regional health authority (disambiguation) Religious Heritage of America. Residence hall association. Rice husk ash, a by-product from rice culture used as cement admixture. Rivers and Harbors Act, any number of various acts of legislation of the United …2017-01-1703. Fe-Mn-Al-C steel alloys have been previously studied for their potential as an alternative steel alloy for Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA). Prior examination of the material system has shown promise in this capacity due to the high strength and reduced density of Mn steels as compared to RHA. The prior …Abstract. Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA) steel is known as protective steel and it is utilized in a military vehicle, For example tanks, howitzers, heavily clad battle vehicles just as ...A rolling utility cart is an excellent way to provide storage in a small space. What makes it so perfect is that it can be rolled from room to room, allowing you to use it for mult...General Info About MIL-A-12560. MIL-A-12560 high strength armor plate is specified by the Material Technology Laboratory, Department of the Army, and is available to all departments and agencies of the Department of Defense (DOD). MIL-A-12560 is a rolled homogenous armor (RHA) specialty plate and is designed for applications … 更新的裝甲估量數被稱做「等效軋壓均質裝甲（Rolled Homogeneous Armor equivalency，簡稱RHAe），其做為一種粗略估計的單位，或是被炮彈穿透的能力，或是其裝甲形式的保護能力，這些不一定是使用鋼材。. 但是，因為各裝甲間形式、 質量 、 金屬 以及分工組裝等不同 ... The new high-hardened steel needs 30% less thickness to offer the same protection level as ARMOX500Z High Hard Armour steel. While Titanium requires only 58% as much weight as rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) for reaching the same level of protection, Mat 7720 new, a newly developed Aluminium-Titanium alloy, needs only 38% of the weight.Behind-armor debris is the main mechanism by which targets are destroyed by projectile impact. ... (EFP) on rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel. Few papers considered the variable cross-section characteristic of EFP, and it is an important influencing factor on number of BAD from target and EFP. In this paper, the variable …An investigation has been completed on six 6 samples of 1-in rolled homogeneous armor manufactured by the Great Lakes Steel Corporation, The plates from which these samples were selected were reported to have exhibited exceptionally good shock resistance when tested with the 75 mm. T 21 proof projectile. The ballistic tests were conducted under ...Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) Homogeneous wrought steel armor was introduced on the first tanks developed in the Great War. Early tanks were of riveted construction …Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) is a type of steel which is used to armour vehicles. Armoured steel must be hard yet impervious to shock in order to resist high velocity … Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) is a type of steel which is used to armour vehicles. Armoured steel must be hard yet impervious to shock in order to resist high velocity metal projectiles. Steel with these characteristics is produced by processing cast steel billets of appropriate size and then rolling them into plates of required thickness. Hot rolling homogenizes the grain structure of the ... May 1, 2017 ... Capped Ballistic Capped shells and Face Hardened Armor had lost its advantage. The Germans then responded by using Rolled Homogeneous Armor ...Feb 28, 2018 · Although it can be cast into complete shapes, such as vehicle turrets, amour is usually produced in the form of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA). 12 The tempering process used after the heat treatment gives the armour a uniform microstructure, hence the ‘homogeneous’ designation. 9 An alternative to RHA is homogeneous high-hardness armour ... In each of four experiments, a plate of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was perforated by a copper jet from a shaped charge warhead. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed on RHA specimens prepared from a remaining perforated target plate and from various recovered fragments. In the …Jan 1, 2013 · Rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plate subjected to blast loading is a complex problem involving the nonlinear fluid-structure interaction. The numerical techniques using the spatial discretization ... Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) Homogeneous wrought steel armor was introduced on the first tanks developed in the Great War. Early tanks were of riveted construction and employed low-carbon, medium-alloy steels of special compositions. During World War II, rolled homogeneous steel underwent an important …An investigation into the general and pitting corrosion rates of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) steel in immersion and salt-fog environments is presented. Although the mechanical properties of RHA steel have been studied, the corrosion effects on RHA steel have not been quantified. An immersion environment of 3.5% NaCl …Armox is one of the armor steels, manufactured by SSAB and is available in hardness range from rolled homogeneous armor steel (280 BHN ) to ultra-high hardness steel (>650 BHN ). Armox steels are well known for the high toughness in relation to the hardness. The aim is to offer a high mass efficiency due to theRolled homogeneous armour (RHA) is a type of vehicle armour made of a single steel composition hot-rolled to improve its material characteristics, as opposed to layered or cemented armour. Its first common application was in tanks. After World War II, it began to fall out of use on main battle tanks and other armoured fighting …A homogeneous solution is a mixture of two or more components that have a uniform appearance and composition. Carbonated water, vodka and saline are all examples of homogeneous sol...Google said it will be rolling out improvements to its AI model to make Google Search a safer experience and one that's better at handling sensitive queries. Google today announced...1. Introduction. Armor steels have been used extensively for ballistic impact resistance of armored vehicles and structures as well as serving as a metric for measuring the power of anti-tank guns and in penetration studies for other potential armor materials [1].The wide range of events for which rolled …... RHA for the same level of protection. So about 100mm (4") of concrete would be equivalent to 10mm of normal armour. ScottWashburn · Sponsoring ... The armour produced by this method is known as Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA) and is used as the current standard of comparison for protection levels offered by other materials. However, different nations have different ways of calculating depth of RHA penetration and care must be taken to compare like with like. Sergyi Way. Mar 18, 2022 · Although the multiple-layered structure of Boron Carbide (B4C)-reinforced rolled homogeneous armour may resist many forms of ammunition, armour-piercing kinetic energy penetrators (APFSDS) can still cause extensive damage to most armoured vehicles. The terminal ballistics and behind-armour debris effect of APFSDS for different thicknesses of B4C-reinforced rolled homogeneous armour has been ... Abstract : An improved rolled homogeneous armor (IRHA) steel with enhanced ballistic performance has been developed. Increases in ballistic performance are attributed to higher hardness levels achieved by IRHA, which maintain adequate toughness and ductility. Through augmentation of a generic chemical composition …and to MIL-A-46099C, dual hardness armor (DHA), which is produced by roll bonding a 601– ... ARMOX and is available in hardness ranges from rolled homogeneous armor steel (280 BHN) to UHH steel (>640 BHN). ARMOX steels are known for high toughness in relation to the hardness. ARMOX 600T has been …Google's rolling out an all-new, easy-to-browse, book-and-movie-clad Android Market over the next few weeks, but if you're impatient you can grab it for your phone right now. Googl...The avoidance of weld defects and particularly cracking is the reason why armour steel welding processes are carefully controlled through various welding standards, and have allowed rolled homogeneous armour (Specification, 2013), a much higher-strength steel than normal quenched and tempered steels, to be …Add-on armour is a form of improvisation of the tank armour usually done by the crew or a maintenance unit in the front lines. Due to the rushed nature of tank technology in World …Learn how to assess the performance and effectiveness of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), a common steel for tank armor, against different threats and how to design lightweight armor systems using …RHA. RHA is an acronym that may refer to: Rolled homogeneous armour. Regional health authority (disambiguation) Religious Heritage of America. Residence hall association. Rice husk ash, a by-product from rice culture used as cement admixture. Rivers and Harbors Act, any number of various acts of legislation of the United …Classification of armour steels. Steel armour can be classified into four main groups. These groups are (i) rolled homogeneous armour (RHA), (ii) high hardness armour (HHA), (iii) variable hardness steel armour, and (iv) perforated armour. Out of these four types, RHA steels are usually being considered as a … Product name:Rolled Homogenous Armor Steel Plate,Ballistic steel plate,Bulletproof steel plate, Bullet proof steel plate. Application:armored personnel carriers, combat vehicles, submarines, landing craft , Anti-smuggling boats, helicopters. Size:1200×3000mm,1500×6000mm,2000×6050mm, 2000×8050mm, or Customized. May 1, 2017 ... Capped Ballistic Capped shells and Face Hardened Armor had lost its advantage. The Germans then responded by using Rolled Homogeneous Armor ...The modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield and ultimate tensile strength at 22 C are reported for 1/2, 1 1/2, and 4-inch thick rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) plate. Specimens were taken at 3 …Many investors and employees are familiar with rolling funds out of a 401(k) into various other financial savings vehicles. However, many people are not familiar with rolling other...Apr 4, 2021 ... This video presents the 125mm BM15 armor penetration on 250 BHA rolled homogeneous armor. The plate is 30 Degree inclined with projectile.RHA stands for "rolled homogenous armor"; HHA stands for "high hardness armor". Cadloy (used in Cadillac-Gage armored vehicles) is a high hardness armor steel, with a density of 8.1. Example: a 6" thick wall of ordinary concrete. That's 152mm, multiplied by 0.11, gives the equivalent thickness of RHA steel as 16.8mm. Armor … It states, in general, however, the ballistic performance of cast armour is poorer than that of rolled homogeneous armour which was found on average 15% better in resistance to penetration than cast armour. The minimum difference was 6% and the maximum was 56% ." — Michael Green, James D. Brown, M4 Sherman at War, p. 94. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy provides superior ballistic protection when compared on a weight basis to conventional rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel, but it is far less efficient on both a weight and volume basis than state-of-the-art ceramic armor. Armor materials can be compared by their mass efficiency rating, E m.This recipe is presented by Eggland’s Best. Is it breakfast or is it dessert? Is it Italian or French? Who cares, when it’s so delicious? For such a fancy fusion, the steps are rel...Rolled homogeneous armour - is created by taking plates of CHA and rolling them to a desired thickness The benefit is that you align all of the grains of metal and enable to to resist force much better by dissipating it throughout the armour more efficiently, the downside is its very hard to shape and you typically have flat …Face-hardened armor defeats hits by shattering the projectile nose, softer cast and rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) by deflecting and absorbing energy. British tested KV-1 tank and it was either homogeneous armor in 240-290 Brinell Hardness range (machineable quality), or homogeneous hard on add-on …The frontal hull glacis was a compound pike, welded at the center seam, with up to 10-inch (250 mm) thick armor at the front. The turret was a massive single-piece cast design, fitted with heavily sloped 10-inch (250 mm) rolled-homogeneous armor. The M103 was designed to mount the 4.7 in (120 mm) M58 gun, fitted in the M89 turret mount.When someone dies, that person's survivors may deal with an inherited 401(k). If the survivor who inherits it is a spouse, the funds can be kept in place or rolled over into anothe...Usually measured in millimetres, the rolled homogeneous armour can be used to assess one type of armour against another, i.e., spaced armour and monoblock (solid) armour. The classic material for vehicle armour is a range of special nickel/chrome alloy steels. Steel is a very versatile material and can be produced …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Experimental 6 inch (150 mm) Krupp armour plate from 1898. Krupp armour was a type of steel naval armour used in the construction of capital ships starting shortly before the end of the nineteenth century. It was developed by Germany's Krupp Arms Works in 1893 and quickly replaced Harvey armour as the primary method of …Usually measured in millimetres, the rolled homogeneous armour can be used to assess one type of armour against another, i.e., spaced armour and monoblock (solid) armour. The classic material for vehicle armour is a range of special nickel/chrome alloy steels. Steel is a very versatile material and can be produced …The paper presents research results of a feasibility study to develop a new concept of the modern Armor Mounting System (AMS) for the Light-Weight Army Vehicle (LAV). Relationship ... (B4C)-reinforced rolled homogeneous armour may resist many forms of ammunition, armour-piercing kinetic energy penetrators (APFSDS) can … Undertaken in this work is an investigation of the mechanical response and damage evolution of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) at different temperatures, stress states, and strain rates. Tension and torsion experiments revealed that torsional loading was more deleterious to ductility when comparing failure equivalent strains. The grades chosen are: (1) class 1 rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) (U.S Detail Specification 2013), (2) class 4a improved rolled homogeneous armour (IRHA) (U.S Detail Specification 2013; Prifti et al., 1997) and (3) high hardness amour (HHA) (U.S Detail Specification 2008). The fourth candidate …Dec 25, 2021 ... In tests however the welded (rolled) german armor was quite better ... Yes, RHA was slightly more effective than Cast Homogeneous Armor....IRHA stands for improved rolled homogeneous armor (steel) Suggest new definition. This definition appears somewhat frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories: Military and Government; Science, medicine, engineering, etc. See other definitions of IRHA.Roll-up doors are made from galvanized steel and typically used for commercial purposes. When they roll down from their self-contained coil, steel slats interconnect to form a secu...Nov 23, 2020 ... For this reason, military vehicles are generally constructed using bulk heavy metals such as rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) [4]. Metal ...Penetrates 18 mm rolled homogeneous armor 300HB at 100 m and heavy body armor at normal combat distances. Resources . 7.62mm series. Nammo offers a wide choice of 7.62mm ammunition. Whether you are looking for specialty ammunition such as armor piercing, frangible or long range, or well known variants like the regular ball, …Many investors and employees are familiar with rolling funds out of a 401(k) into various other financial savings vehicles. However, many people are not familiar with rolling other...Rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) is a type of steel which is used to armour vehicles. Armoured steel must be hard yet impervious to shock in order to resist high velocity …Abstract : An improved rolled homogeneous armor (IRHA) steel with enhanced ballistic performance has been developed. Increases in ballistic performance are attributed to higher hardness levels achieved by IRHA, which maintain adequate toughness and ductility. Through augmentation of a generic chemical composition …Rolled homogeneous armor ( RHA) is a type of armor made of a single steel composition, as opposed to layered or cemented armor. Its first common application was in tanks. It fell out of use after World War II as new anti-tank rounds were developed, against which it was ineffective.required to fully define the armour material resistance to plastic flow under projectile impact conditions. Figure 3 shows how the ballistic limit varies for a wide range of practical …In each of four experiments, a plate of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was perforated by a copper jet from a shaped charge warhead. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed on RHA specimens prepared from a remaining perforated target plate and from various recovered fragments. In the … Rolled Homogeneous Steel Armor was for quite some time the standard steel armor for tanks. Rolled steel means that the hot steel was rolled through one or several pairs of rolls during the production. It can be easily produced in large quantities, but can only be bent to limited degree. Usually it is used for armor plates, Germany in World War ... Experimental 6 inch (150 mm) Krupp armour plate from 1898. Krupp armour was a type of steel naval armour used in the construction of capital ships starting shortly before the end of the nineteenth century. It was developed by Germany's Krupp Arms Works in 1893 and quickly replaced Harvey armour as the primary method of …This video presents the 30 X 173 mm PGU 14B API projectile penetration against rolled homogeneous Armour. This video highlights penetration for various thick...Add-on armour is a form of improvisation of the tank armour usually done by the crew or a maintenance unit in the front lines. Due to the rushed nature of tank technology in World …Usually measured in millimetres, the rolled homogeneous armour can be used to assess one type of armour against another, i.e., spaced armour and monoblock (solid) armour. The classic material for vehicle armour is a range of special nickel/chrome alloy steels. Steel is a very versatile material and can be produced …An investigation has been completed on six 6 samples of 1-in rolled homogeneous armor manufactured by the Great Lakes Steel Corporation, The plates from which these samples were selected were reported to have exhibited exceptionally good shock resistance when tested with the 75 mm. T 21 proof projectile. The ballistic tests were conducted under ...Although the multiple-layered structure of Boron Carbide (B4C)-reinforced rolled homogeneous armour may resist many forms of ammunition, armour-piercing kinetic energy penetrators (APFSDS) can still cause extensive damage to most armoured vehicles. The terminal ballistics and behind-armour …Rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) steel was joined to aluminum alloy AA7099-T7451 with an interlayer of AA6061-T651 by single-pass friction stir dovetailing (FSD). The evolution of the AA7099/AA6061 and AA6061/steel interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints were examined. The …

更新的裝甲估量數被稱做「等效軋壓均質裝甲（Rolled Homogeneous Armor equivalency，簡稱RHAe），其做為一種粗略估計的單位，或是被炮彈穿透的能力，或是其裝甲形式的保護能力，這些不一定是使用鋼材。. 但是，因為各裝甲間形式、 質量 、 金屬 以及分工組裝等不同 ... . Beef hot dog

rolled homogeneous armor

Nov 23, 2020 ... For this reason, military vehicles are generally constructed using bulk heavy metals such as rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) [4]. Metal ...The 9M119M Refleks laser-guided missile gives the T-90A the ability to penetrate 700 millimeters of rolled homogeneous armor equivalent with a high degree of accuracy at ranges of up to 3.1 miles.Dec 25, 2021 ... In tests however the welded (rolled) german armor was quite better ... Yes, RHA was slightly more effective than Cast Homogeneous Armor....Current allied battlefield equipment armor is based upon rolled homogeneous armor technology. This is composed of a tempered martensitic/bainitic …Abstract : This report presents the results of tensile tests at a strain rate of 0.42 per second for 38 mm and 100mm thick rolled homogeneous armor. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield and ultimate strengths are reported for tests performed at 23 deg C.In this study, a boron added armor steel was developed according to standard rolled homogenous armor steel, MIL-A-12560, and metallographic-fractographic examinations were carried out to understand its deformation characteristics and perforation mode after interaction with a 7.62 mm armor …Jan 16, 2015 ... Numerical predictions of responses of rolled homogeneous armour steel plates subjected to spherical trinitrotoluene blast loading plate are ...Homogeneous Armour Plate. Homogenous armour plate was developed between the ... Rolled Homogenous Armour is so called because, due to the rolling process ...Jun 6, 2013 ... was 12mm of face hardened armour better than 25mm of homogeneous armor against 37mm guns? what were the pros and cons of each kind of armor? - ...Aug 3, 2017 · WW2 also witnessed the launch of the first fusion-welded tank, the Churchill Mk7 and this employed some of the first rolled homogenous armor (RHA) steel. One of the most standard wrought or rolled armor steel grades in recent use is MIL-DTL-12560K Class 1 RHA with a hardness range of 250-410 HB (Specification, 2013) and DEF STAN 95-24 class 2 ... penetration of rolled homogeneous steel, issues with finding the joules required to punch through. Ask Question Asked 6 years ... I Have run into some confusion due to my lack of knowledge. If I have the resistance of the armor in MPa, that means I have the amount of joules acting in a square meter, so i divide by the area of the cross …Von Roll News: This is the News-site for the company Von Roll on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksArmor steel with excellent bendability. Armox® 370T Class 2 is a rolled homogeneous armor plate (RHA) that combines good resistance to penetration with excellent toughness. Benefits of Armox® 370T Class 2 include: Market-leading steel protection. Superior workshop properties.In each of four experiments, a plate of rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was perforated by a copper jet from a shaped charge warhead. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed on RHA specimens prepared from a remaining perforated target plate and from various recovered fragments. In the …MBA programs have become less homogenous and better equipped to prepare grads for the complexities of modern business. But the transformation is far from complete. A tweet about bu...As mentioned above, the RHA has other meanings. Please know that five of other meanings are listed below. You can click links on the left to see detailed information of each definition, including definitions in English and your local language.Rolled Homogeneous Armor. Abstract. Undertaken in this work is an investigation of the mechanical response and damage evolution of Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) at different temperatures, stress states, and strain rates. Tension and torsion experiments revealed that torsional loading was more deleterious to ductility when ….

Popular Topics